Physicians surveyed all agree that prices are negotiable and that $500 per hour is considered a reasonable price for a physician starting out as a medical legal expert. Wiebe explains that doctors who keep prices within a market range are more likely to be chosen for an expert opinion. In Malta, the smallest member state of the European Union, the LL.D. was a university doctorate in law that required at least three years of full-time postgraduate study at the University of Malta, the National University of Malta.[17] At least three years of previous law school was required for entry. Students were required to take courses in a number of core areas of law and submit a thesis that would be “an original article on the approved topic or other contribution to knowledge that shows that they have done sufficient research in this area.” [18] It confers the title of doctor used in Malta to address a holder of the diploma. Until 2014, the LL.D. was one of the conditions for admission to the profession of lawyer in Malta (a lawyer, unlike a lawyer, has the right to be represented before higher courts). There is an abundant literature on physicians` ethical treatment obligations during pandemics, but much less has been written about their legal obligations. Without understanding the legal landscape, doctors could face serious professional and personal consequences: those who violate their legal obligations may face lawsuits for negligence, and those who do not understand their legal right to refuse to work in unsafe conditions may face serious injury and even death. Around the world, doctors are grappling with similar problems, although the legal implications are different in each country. Physicians working in Canada during a pandemic must be aware of their legal rights and obligations specific to the provinces in which they work.
In previous years, doctors of law were a separate form of lawyers authorized to act as lawyers before the civil courts. Doctors had their own company called Doctors` Commons, but after reforms in the nineteenth century, their exclusive rights to the public were shared with lawyers and the last doctor of law died in 1912. Because of the possession of a doctorate, doctors of law had the same priority as that of a Serjeant-at-Law, and for this reason, the convention remains that lawyers with a junior doctorate (such as doctors of philosophy) should not be treated as a “doctor” in an English court. [34] Physicians have a legal obligation to provide a certain level of qualification and care to their existing patients.1 Legal due diligence occurs when a physician agrees to treat a patient who has used their services.1 In determining what this obligation requires, physicians should consider whether the care they provide is equivalent to that they provide. that a “reasonable physician” would provide in the circumstances. Specialists should exercise a higher level of competence in their field of expertise.2 After the first law degree, one can pursue a second, the Master of Laws (LL.M.) and then the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) or the Doctor of Laws or the Doctor of Laws (J.S.D./S.J.D.), at some Canadian universities. (The LL.D. is awarded by several universities only as an honorary doctorate, but if it is awarded by a law school, it is a deserved degree.) Of the Canadian universities offering a doctorate in law, four (University of Ottawa[6],[6], Université de Montréal[7], Université Laval[8] and Université du Québec à Montréal)[9] offer LLDs, five (University of Alberta,[10] University of British Columbia[11], Osgoode Hall Law School of York University, Dalhousie University,[12] and University of Victoria)[13] offer only one doctorate (University of Toronto, [14]) offers J.S.D./S.J.D. degrees (Doctor of Juridical Sciences or Doctor of Juridical Sciences), and one (McGill University)[15] offers a D.C.L (Doctor of Civil Law). The differences largely reflect the gap between the two Canadian legal systems (common law and civil law).
Faculties that teach in the civil law tradition grant LL.D. degrees, while those in the common law tradition grant doctorates or J.S.D. York University`s Doctor of Laws was previously called the Doctor of Jurisprudence (D.Jur.) until the name was changed in 2002. [16] Some physicians have the right to refuse to work if they can meet the four criteria established by employment agencies in Canada.
